Parámetros genéticos para producción de leche en ganado Simmental (Bos taurus) mediante modelos genómicos y poligénicos / Genetic parameters for milk production in Simmental cattle (Bos taurus) using genomic and polygenic models

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar parámetros genéticos con y sin la inclusión de parentesco genómico para la producción de leche acumulada a 60 (PL60), 150 (PL150), 210 (PL210) y 305 días (PL305) en ganado Simmental en Colombia. Un total de 2883 controles lecheros en 620 vacas de primer parto fueron utilizados. La información genómica se obtuvo a partir de 718 animales genotipados con un chip de una densidad de 30106 marcadores genéticos tipo polimorfismo de nucleótido simple (SNP). Se construyeron modelos de tipo univariado y bivariado bajo la metodología del mejor predictor lineal insesgado (BLUP) y genómico en una etapa (ssGBLUP). Los valores de heredabilidades para PL60, PL150, PL210 y PL305 variaron entre 0,20 a 0,27; 0,25 a 052; 0,30 a 0,35 y 0,20 a 0,23; respectivamente. La inclusión de parentesco genómico no aumentó las heredabilidades y tampoco la precisión de las estimaciones para las características asociadas a producción de leche. La escasez de información fenotípica y la baja conectividad genética entre la población genotipada y no genotipada podrían limitar procesos de selección genética para producción de leche a través del ssGBLUP en la población de ganado Simmental de Colombia.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters with and without the inclusion of genomic relationship in cumulative milk production of Simmental cattle in Colombia for 60 (MP60), 150 (MP150), 210 (MP210) and 305 (MP305) days. A total of 2883 test records from 620 cows in first lactation were used. The genomic information was obtained from 718 animals genotyped with a commercial chip with a density of 30,106 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genetic markers. Univariate and bivariate models were used under the conventional best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP) and the single step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) methodologies. The heritability estimate values for MP60, MP150, MP210 and MP305 ranged from 0.20 to 0.27, 0.25 to 0.52, 0.30 to 0.35 and 0.20 to 0.23, respectively. The use of the genomic relationship did not increase heritabilities nor the accuracy of estimates for milk traits. The lack of phenotypic records and the low genetic connectivity between genotyped and non-genotyped populations could limit the genetic selection procedures for milk production via the ssGBLUP in Colombian Simmental cattle.

Eosinophilic ascites: singular presentation of eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorder

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Use of grape stalk, a waste of the viticulture industry, to obtain activated carbon.

Grape stalk is an organic waste produced in great amounts in the industrialization processes of grape. This work presents the results of studies carried out to use this waste as raw material to prepare activated carbon through the physical and chemical route. The physicochemical characterization of this material suggests the presence of unusually high levels of ashes. Metal content was determined and high levels of potassium, sodium, iron, calcium and magnesium in carbonized and raw grape stalk were exhibited. This characteristic made difficult physical activation at high temperatures. A leaching step was included before the activation with steam, and adsorbents with surface areas between 700 and 900 m(2)/g were obtained. Physical activation was also performed at lower temperatures using carbonized grape stalk without leaching, leading to the development of some grade of porosity, with an area of 412 m(2)/g. These results would indicate the catalytic effect of the minerals present in this raw material. Chemical activation using phosphoric acid as activating agent seemed to be a very efficient method as final products with BET areas between 1000 and 1500 m(2)/g were obtained.

Novel highly reactive and regenerable carbon/iron composites prepared from tar and hematite for the reduction of Cr(VI) contaminant.

Highly reactive carbon/Fe composites were prepared from tar used as a carbon source, and hematite (alpha-Fe(2)O(3)), a widespread naturally available iron oxide. Tar was impregnated on hematite and thermally treated under N(2) atmosphere. Mössbauer, powder X-ray diffraction and magnetization data suggested that treatment at 400 and 600 degrees C produced only magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) whereas at 800 degrees C mainly metallic iron (Fe(0)) was produced. Raman, TG and XRD analyses of the different composites revealed the presence of amorphous and graphitic carbon highly dispersed on the iron oxide surface. The composites obtained at 800 degrees C were very efficient in reducing aqueous Cr(VI), as CrO(4)(2-), even compared to finely ground commercial Fe(0). XPS and Mössbauer data showed that after five consecutive reuses, the composites deactivated, due to the surface oxidation of Fe(0). A simple treatment at 800 degrees C completely regenerated the composite by reducing Fe(3+) species allowing several reuses.

The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS): an integrated system for measuring dental caries.

This paper describes early findings of evaluations of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) conducted by the Detroit Center for Research on Oral Health Disparities (DCR-OHD). The lack of consistency among the contemporary criteria systems limits the comparability of outcomes measured in epidemiological and clinical studies. The ICDAS criteria were developed by an international team of caries researchers to integrate several new criteria systems into one standard system for caries detection and assessment. Using ICDAS in the DCR-OHD cohort study, dental examiners first determined whether a clean and dry tooth surface is sound, sealed, restored, crowned, or missing. Afterwards, the examiners classified the carious status of each tooth surface using a seven-point ordinal scale ranging from sound to extensive cavitation. Histological examination of extracted teeth found increased likelihood of carious demineralization in dentin as the ICDAS codes increased in severity. The criteria were also found to have discriminatory validity in analyses of social, behavioral and dietary factors associated with dental caries. The reliability of six examiners to classify tooth surfaces by their ICDAS carious status ranged between good to excellent (kappa coefficients ranged between 0.59 and 0.82). While further work is still needed to define caries activity, validate the criteria and their reliability in assessing dental caries on smooth surfaces, and develop a classification system for assessing preventive and restorative treatment needs, this early evaluation of the ICDAS platform has found that the system is practical; has content validity, correlational validity with histological examination of pits and fissures in extracted teeth; and discriminatory validity.

Tumoración hepática gigante en una mujer gestante de 35 semanas: colangiocarcinoma intrahepático / Giant hepatic tumour in a 35 week pregant woman: intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

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Guías para el manejo del niño con estreñimiento crónico funcional / Guide by handling of childs

El estreñimiento crónico funcional es una de las principales causas de consulta al gastroenterpologo pediátra.El objetivo de esta guía es emitir recomendaciones prácticas para la evaluación y el manejo de niños y adolescentes con esta patología

[Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis from Campylobacter fetus]. / Peritonitis bacteriana espontánea por Campylobacter fetus.

A patient with cirrhosis and ascites who developed spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to Campylobacter fetus is described herein. This organism has been increasingly associated with bacteremia and localized infections in patients with cirrhosis and other immunocompromised states, but spontaneous bacterial peritonitis has been rarely reported. We review Campylobacter fetus infections and their relationship to development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and we emphasize that prolonged antimicrobial therapy is required.

[Value of laparoscopy in ascites of undetermined origin]. / Valor de la laparoscopia en la ascitis de origen indeterminado.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of laparoscopy in the study of patients with ascites of unknown cause, and the frequency of laparoscopy use for that indication after the advent of ultrasonography and computed tomography. DESIGN: A retrospective study of 4.536 laparoscopies performed in 16 years, in two periods of 8 years, and the correlation with the pathologic diagnosis. PATIENTS: 137 patients in whom laparoscopy was indicated for the study of ascites of unknown cause. RESULTS: 63.5% of laparoscopies were performed over the first 8-year period, and 36.5% in the second (p = 0.0001), and for the study of ascites 2.6 and 3.8% respectively. Laparoscopy and biopsy were diagnostic in 98.5% of cases; 51% carcinomatosis, 17.5% liver cirrhosis, 11.7% hepatic neoplasm and others. Two of five cases of peritoneal tuberculosis were considered carcinomatosis at laparoscopy. There were no serious complications. CONCLUSIONS: The advent of new imaging method has reduced the use of laparoscopy, although it is still employed frequently for the study of ascites. Laparoscopy with biopsy when necessary has an excellent effectiveness and accuracy for the diagnosis of ascites of unknown cause.

Solución de clindamicina topica al 1 por cento en el tratamiento de la acne vulgar / Clindamicine topic 1 per cent solution in the treatment of acne vulgaris

Se admitieron 50 pacientes, de 12 a 30 anos de edad, en un estudio clinico, de tipo abierto, de doce semanas de duracion, con el fin de establecer la eficacia y tolerancia cutaneas de la solucion de clindamicina topica al 1 por ciento en el tratamiento de la acne vurgar. De los 50 pacientes admitidos 44 fueron evaluables para los fines requeridos. De los seis restantes, solo uno suspendio el tratamiento despues de la segunda visita de control por considerar el medicamento no eficaz. Los otros cinco pacientes no regresaron a las visitas de control, por lo cual fueron considerados no evaluables. Hubo tres pacientes que no regresaron a la visita de la semana 12, pero fueron considerados evaluables, pues cumplieron nueve semanas de tratamiento. Se encontro una disminucion estadisticamente significativa en el recuento de lesiones a las seis semanas de tratamiento o antes. Al finalizar las doce semanas del estudio, la evaluacion y opinion de la mayoria de los pacientes fue que su acne mejoro; los investigadores, por su parte, consideraron que todos los pacientes se beneficiaron notablemente con el tratamiento. El medicamento fue bien tolerado. Se concluye que la solucion topica de clindamicina al 1 por ciento es efectiva y carece de riesgos para el tratamiento de la acne vulgar.

Cryptic adenosine triphosphatase activities in plasma membranes of CCl4-cirrhotic rats. Its modulation by changes in cholesterol/phospholipid ratios.

The activities of Na+,K+-, and Ca2+-ATPases were determined in plasma membranes obtained from livers of rats treated acutely and chronically with CCl4. Twenty-four hours after a single oral dose of CCl4 the ATPases decreased below 50% of control values. The activity of Ca2+-ATPase returned to normal after 4 days, and Na+,K+-ATPase activity returned to normal values after 12 days. One week after initiation of the chronic intraperitoneal treatment with CCl4, the Na,K+-ATPase decreased to 40% of control values and continued to decrease further until reaching values below 1%. Ca2+-ATPase followed a pattern similar to that obtained with Na+,K+-ATPase, except that the decrease was not as severe. Colchicine treatment prevented the modifications in ATPases when given simultaneously with CCl4 and reverted the alterations in ATPase activities of the CCl4-cirrhotic animals. Because ATPases are known to be modulated by the lipid composition of the membrane, we also determined the cholesterol to phospholipid ratio in all the isolated membranes. The ratios were increased in membranes with low ATPase activity due to an increase in the total concentration of cholesterol. Plasma membranes of cirrhotic rats treated with colchicine showed a low concentration of cholesterol, a decreased cholesterol to phospholipid ratio, and Na+,K+-ATPase activity was almost normal. When plasma membranes of cirrhotic rats were fused with phosphatidyl serine-containing liposomes, the cholesterol to phospholipid ratio decreased and the ATPase activity increased. The ATPase activity of normal plasma membranes decreased below 20% of control values when enriched with cholesterol. Our results suggest that the decrease in the plasma membrane Na+,K+-ATPase activity of the cirrhotic rat is due in part to an increase in its cholesterol concentration and in the cholesterol to phospholipid ratio.